5 Takeaways From Germany’s Election

The 2025 German federal election delivered notable results with significant implications for Germany and Europe. Here are five key takeaways:

1. Friedrich Merz’s CDU/CSU Victory

The center-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and its Bavarian partner, the Christian Social Union (CSU), emerged as the largest bloc with around 28% of the vote. This positions Friedrich Merz, a longtime contender for the chancellorship, to lead Germany. Merz has vowed to restore Germany’s leadership role in Europe, emphasizing unity within the EU amidst declining U.S. involvement in European affairs2 7.

2. AfD’s Historic Surge

The far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) nearly doubled its vote share to approximately 20%, marking its strongest performance ever. While it gained significant traction, particularly in former East Germany, the party remains politically isolated as mainstream parties refuse to collaborate with it. The AfD’s rise reflects growing dissatisfaction with immigration policies and economic challenges but also highlights deepening polarization in German politics2 4.

3. SPD’s Collapse

The Social Democratic Party (SPD), led by outgoing Chancellor Olaf Scholz, suffered a historic defeat, securing only about 16% of the vote. This marks a generational shift in German politics, as the SPD’s influence wanes significantly after years of declining support. The party’s poor performance will limit its role in coalition negotiations4 6.

4. Coalition Uncertainty

Despite its victory, the CDU/CSU lacks a majority and must form a coalition to govern. Potential partners include the Greens or even the SPD, though coalition talks are expected to be challenging. A fragmented political landscape raises concerns about forming a stable government capable of addressing pressing issues like economic recovery, immigration reform, and foreign policy recalibration4 6.

5. Broader Implications for Europe

This election is pivotal for Europe as Germany seeks to reclaim its leadership role within the EU. Merz has signaled a commitment to strengthening European integration and addressing challenges such as economic competitiveness and defense cooperation. His leadership could provide much-needed stability for the EU at a time of geopolitical uncertainty and shifting global dynamics5 7.

These results underscore a rightward shift in German politics while highlighting voter dissatisfaction with traditional parties and policies. The new government will face immense pressure to address domestic challenges while reinforcing Germany’s role as a key player in Europe’s future.